Mapangidwe oletsa mphepo a bulaketi ya gawo la batri ndi positi ya nyali.
M'mbuyomu, mnzanga ankangondifunsa za mphamvu ya mphepo ndi mphamvu ya magetsi a mumsewu. Tsopano ife tikhoza kuchita kuwerengera.
Kuwala Kwamsewu wa Dzuwa Munjira yowunikira dzuwa mumsewu, nkhani yofunika kwambiri ndi kapangidwe ka mphepo. Kapangidwe kakukana kwa mphepo kumagawidwa m'magawo awiri akulu, imodzi ndi mapangidwe amphamvu amagetsi a gawo la batri, ndipo inayo ndi kapangidwe ka mpweya kamene kamayika nyali.
Malinga ndi data yaukadaulo ya opanga ma module a batri, gawo la cell cell limatha kupirira kupsinjika kwa 2700Pa. Ngati mphamvu yolimbana ndi mphepo imasankhidwa kukhala 27m / s (yofanana ndi chimphepo chamkuntho cha khumi), malinga ndi makina osakanikirana amadzimadzi, mphamvu ya mphepo ya msonkhano wa batri ndi 365Pa yokha. Chifukwa chake, gawolo lokha limatha kupirira liwiro la 27m / s popanda kuwonongeka. Chifukwa chake, chofunikira kwambiri pamapangidwewo ndikulumikizana pakati pa bulaketi ya msonkhano wa batri ndi positi ya nyali.
Popanga dongosolo la kuwala kwa msewu wa dzuwa, mapangidwe ogwirizanitsa a bracket a msonkhano wa batri ndi choyikapo nyali chimagwirizanitsidwa mokhazikika ndi ndodo ya bolt.
Mapangidwe otetezedwa ndi mphepo a choyikapo nyali mumsewu
Ma parameter a solar street light ndi awa:
Pepala lopendekeka ngodya A = 16o kutalika kwa pole = 5m
Mapangidwe opanga kuwala kwa dzuwa mumsewu amasankha m'lifupi mwake msoko wowotcherera pansi pa choyikapo nyali δ = 4mm ndi m'mimba mwake wakunja kwa pansi pa mtengo wa nyali = 168mm
Pamwamba pa weld ndi chiwonongeko pamwamba pa msanamira nyali. Mtunda wochokera pa malo owerengera P a mphindi yotsutsa W ya chiwonongeko pamwamba pa mtengo wa nyali kupita pamzere wonyamula katundu wa gulu F wolandiridwa ndi mtengo wa nyali ndi PQ = [5000+(168+6)/tan16o]×Sin16o = 1545mm = 1.545m. Choncho, mphindi ya katundu mphepo pa chiwonongeko pamwamba pa mzati nyali M = F × 1.545.
Malinga ndi kapangidwe kapamwamba kovomerezeka kamphepo ka 27m/s, katundu woyambira wa 2 × 30W wapawiri-lamp solar street light panel ndi 730N. Poganizira chitetezo cha 1.3, F = 1.3 × 730 = 949N.
Choncho, M = F × 1.545 = 949 × 1.545 = 1466N.m.
Malinga ndi kutengera masamu, mphindi yotsutsa ya kulephera kozungulira kozungulira ngati mphete W = π×(3r2δ+3rδ2+δ3).
M'njira yomwe ili pamwambapa, r ndi mainchesi amkati a mphete ndipo δ ndi m'lifupi mwake mpheteyo.
Kulephera kukana mphindi W = π×(3r2δ+3rδ2+δ3)
=π×(3×842×4+3×84×42+43) = 88768mm3
=88.768×10-6 m3
Kupsyinjika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mphepo kumagwira ntchito yolephera = M/W
= 1466/(88.768×10-6) =16.5×106pa =16.5 Mpa<<215Mpa
Pakati pawo, 215 Mpa ndi mphamvu yopindika ya Q235 chitsulo.
Choncho, m'lifupi mwa msoko wa weld wopangidwa ndi wosankhidwa ndi opanga kuwala kwa msewu wa dzuwa amakwaniritsa zofunikira. Malingana ngati khalidwe la kuwotcherera likhoza kutsimikiziridwa, kukana kwa mphepo kwa nyali sikuli vuto.
kuwala kwa dzuwa panja | kuwala kwadzuwa | zonse mu kuwala kumodzi kwadzuwa
Chidziwitso cha kuwala kwa msewu
Maola apadera ogwirira ntchito a magetsi oyendera dzuwa amakhudzidwa ndi malo osiyanasiyana ogwira ntchito monga nyengo ndi chilengedwe. Moyo wautumiki wa mababu ambiri a mumsewu udzakhudzidwa kwambiri. Poyang'aniridwa ndi ogwira ntchito athu oyenerera, zapezeka kuti kusintha kwa magetsi opangira magetsi mumsewu kumakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri ndikupulumutsa magetsi. Mwachiwonekere, ntchito ya ogwira ntchito yokonza magetsi a mumsewu ndi magetsi apamwamba mumzinda wathu yachepetsedwa kwambiri.
Mfundo yozungulira
Pakadali pano, magwero owunikira misewu yakumizinda amakhala makamaka nyali za sodium ndi nyali za mercury. Dera logwira ntchito limapangidwa ndi nyali za sodium kapena mababu a mercury, ma ballast ochititsa chidwi, ndi zoyambitsa zamagetsi. Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi 0.45 pamene capacitor yamalipiro sichikugwirizana ndipo ndi 0.90. Ntchito yonse ya inductive load. Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito magetsi opangira magetsi a dzuwa mumsewu ndi kulumikiza riyakitala yoyenera ya AC mumndandanda wamagetsi. Pamene gululi voteji ndi m'munsi kuposa 235V, riyakitala ndi yochepa-circuited ndipo sachiza; pamene magetsi a gridi ndi apamwamba kuposa 235V, riyakitala imayikidwa kuti iwonetsetse kuti mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya kuwala kwa dzuwa sikudutsa 235V.
Dera lonse limapangidwa ndi magawo atatu: magetsi, magetsi a gridi yamagetsi ndi kuyerekeza, ndi actuator yotulutsa. Chithunzi chojambula chamagetsi chikuwonetsedwa mu chithunzi pansipa.
Dongosolo lamagetsi opangira magetsi oyendera dzuwa mumsewu limapangidwa ndi thiransifoma T1, ma diode D1 mpaka D4, chowongolera ma terminal atatu U1 (7812) ndi zida zina, ndi zotuluka + 12V voteji kuti aziwongolera dera lowongolera.
Kuzindikira kwamagetsi a gridi yamagetsi ndi kuyerekeza kumapangidwa ndi zinthu monga op-amp U3 (LM324) ndi U2 (TL431). Magetsi a gridi amatsitsidwa ndi resistor R9, D5 ndi theka-wave wokonzedwa. C5 imasefedwa, ndipo voteji ya DC pafupifupi 7V imapezeka ngati voteji yodziwira zitsanzo. Magetsi odziwikiratu omwe amatsatiridwa amasefedwa ndi fyuluta yotsika yopangidwa ndi U3B (LM324) ndikutumizidwa ku comparator U3D (LM324) kuti ifananize ndi mphamvu yamagetsi. Mphamvu yamagetsi yofananira imaperekedwa ndi gwero lamagetsi la U2 (TL431). Potentiometer VR1 imagwiritsidwa ntchito posintha matalikidwe a voteji yodziwikiratu zitsanzo, ndipo VR2 imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusinthira mphamvu yamagetsi.
The actuator linanena bungwe limapangidwa ndi relays RL1 ndi RL3, mkulu-panopa ndege contactor RL2, AC riyakitala L1 ndi zina zotero. Mphamvu yamagetsi ikakhala yotsika kuposa 235V, wofananira wa U3D amatuluka pang'onopang'ono, chubu cha Q1 chazimitsidwa, RL1 imatulutsidwa, kulumikizidwa kwake komwe nthawi zambiri kumatsekedwa kumalumikizidwa ndi gawo lamagetsi la RL2, RL2. amakopeka, ndi riyakitala L1 ndi yochepa-circuited Sikugwira ntchito; pamene magetsi a gridi ndi apamwamba kuposa 235V, wofananira wa U3D amatulutsa mlingo waukulu, machubu atatu a Q1 amayatsidwa, RL1 imakokera mkati, kukhudzana kwake komwe kumakhala kotsekedwa kumachotsa magetsi oyendetsa ndege RL2, ndipo RL2 ndi kumasulidwa.
Reactor L1 imalumikizidwa ndi magetsi oyendera magetsi a mumsewu wa dzuwa, ndipo magetsi okwera kwambiri ndi gawo lake kuti awonetsetse kuti magetsi oyendera dzuwa asapitirire 235V. LED1 imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusonyeza momwe ntchito yolumikizira RL1 ikugwirira ntchito. The LED2 ntchito kusonyeza mmene ntchito ya ndege contactor RL2, ndi varistor MY1 ntchito kuzimitsa kukhudzana.
Ntchito ya relay RL3 ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito RL2 yolumikizira ndege, chifukwa kukana koyambira kwa RL2 ndi 4Ω kokha, ndipo kukana kwa koyilo kumasungidwa pafupifupi 70Ω. DC 24V ikawonjezedwa, poyambira ndi 6A, ndipo kukonzanso kwapano kumakhalanso kokulirapo kuposa 300mA. The relay RL3 imasintha voteji yolumikizana ndi ndege ya RL2 kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
Mfundo yake ndi iyi: RL2 ikayamba, kulumikizidwa kwake komwe kumatsekedwa nthawi zambiri kumafupikitsa koyilo ya relay RL3, RL3 imatulutsidwa, ndipo kulumikizana komwe kumakhala kotsekedwa kumalumikiza cholumikizira chamagetsi 28V cha thiransifoma T1 ndikulowetsanso mlatho wa RL2; RL2 ikayamba, kulumikizana kwake komwe kumatsekedwa kumatsegulidwa, ndipo cholumikizira cha RL3 chimakopeka ndi magetsi. Kulumikizana komwe kumakhala kotseguka kumalumikiza cholumikizira chotsika cha 14V cha thiransifoma T1 kupita kumalo olowera kukonzanso mlatho wa RL2 ndikusunga kontrakitala wandege ndi 50% yamagetsi oyambira RL2 kukoka.
M'ndandanda wazopezekamo