Nyali zapamsewu za solar zikusintha mawonekedwe owunikira padziko lonse lapansi pamlingo wowopsa. M'nkhaniyi, tiwona mayiko 5 apamwamba kwambiri oyika zowunikira zoyendera dzuwa mumsewu ndikupeza kuti ndi zigawo ziti zomwe zili zoyenera kukhazikitsa njira yowunikira iyi.
Magawo atatu oyenera kukhazikitsa magetsi amsewu a solar
Nyengo Zotentha
Nyengo zotentha nthawi zambiri zimadalitsidwa ndi kuwala kwadzuwa kochuluka, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kwa zounikira zadzuwa. Malo monga Kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia ndi Africa, komwe kuli ndi kuwala kwadzuwa kwanthawi yayitali, amapangitsa kuti magetsi oyendera dzuwa akhale njira yokhazikika yowunikira kuyatsa.
Madera akutali ndi zilumba
Kwa madera akutali ndi zilumba, magetsi oyendera dzuwa ndi njira yapadera komanso yamphamvu. Sikuti amakumasulani ku kudalira pa gridi yamagetsi yachikhalidwe, komanso amachepetsa mtengo wonyamula mphamvu pamene akupereka kuunikira kodalirika.
Emerging Economies
Mayiko ambiri omwe akutukuka kumene akuikanso ndalama zowunikira magetsi a dzuwa mumsewu. Maderawa nthawi zambiri amayang'ana njira zowunikira zokhazikika komanso zotsika mtengo kuti akwaniritse zofuna zakukula kwa mizinda.
Maiko Otsogola 5 Oyika Ma Solar Street Light
Ndondomeko ya boma la Philippines imathandizira magetsi oyendera dzuwa ku Philippines
Dziko la Philippines, monga dziko lomwe likutukuka kwambiri, lawona kuwonjezeka kwachangu kwa kufunikira kwa magetsi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu, zomwe zapangitsa kuti boma liyang'ane njira zokhazikika zopangira mphamvu. Mphamvu zadzuwa zadziwika kuti ndizotsogola pazamphamvu zongowonjezwdwa chifukwa cha kuwononga kwamafuta achikhalidwe pachilengedwe. Boma la Philippines likuzindikira kuti kufunikira kokhazikika kwa magetsi kungatheke pokhapokha potengera mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu.
Ngakhale kuti dziko la Philippines ndi laling’ono kwambiri pa nkhani ya mphamvu ya dzuwa, dzikoli likupita patsogolo mofulumira pa zinthu zatsopano zaumisiri wa dzuŵa chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zambiri za dzuwa. Mphamvu ya dzuwa sikuti imangokwaniritsa kukula kwa magetsi, komanso imapatsa dziko mwayi wokhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira.
Malo aku Philippines amapereka chithandizo champhamvu kuti akhale malo abwino opangira mphamvu za dzuwa. Monga dziko lotentha, dziko la Philippines lili ndi mphamvu zambiri za dzuwa. Makamaka, kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) akuwonetsa kuti dziko la Philippines lili ndi mphamvu ya solar ya 4.5kWh/m2 patsiku, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale malo abwino kuti azigwiritsa ntchito magetsi ophatikizika a mumsewu.
Magetsi a Solar Street aku Malaysia
Chifukwa cha malo ake, dziko la Malaysia lili ndi mphamvu zambiri zopangira mphamvu za dzuwa. Asayansi akufuna kuti mayiko asinthe kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowonjezera, ndipo dziko la Malaysia, lomwe lili ndi madera a dzuwa, ndi malo abwino kwambiri opangira mphamvu zoyendera dzuwa. Komabe, ngakhale pali kuthekera kwakukulu kopanga mapulojekiti adzuwa, makampani oyendera dzuwa ku Malaysia akadali achichepere.
Ngakhale kuti dziko la Malaysia likukumana ndi mavuto monga kukwera mtengo kwa maselo a photovoltaic (PV), mitengo yamtengo wapatali ya dzuwa, komanso kusowa kwa ndalama, boma lachitapo kanthu pofuna kulimbikitsa mphamvu zowonjezereka. Mphamvu yadzuwa, monga njira yoyeretsera komanso yowongoleredwa, pang'onopang'ono ikukhala gawo lalikulu la kusintha kwa mphamvu ku Malaysia.
Pakalipano, 8 peresenti ya kusakaniza kwa mphamvu ya Malaysia imachokera ku mphamvu zowonjezera, ndipo boma lakhazikitsa cholinga chofuna kuwonjezera gawo la mphamvu zowonjezera ku 20 peresenti ndi 2025. ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa monga dalaivala wofunikira pakusinthaku.
Chifukwa chiyani dzuwa ndi chisankho chanzeru ku Malaysia? Choyamba, dzikolo lili pa equator ndipo limasangalala ndi dzuwa. Avereji ya ma radiation adzuwa amakhala pakati pa 4.7-6.5kWh/m2, zomwe zimapereka malo abwino opangira magetsi adzuwa. Izi zimapangitsa mphamvu ya dzuwa kukhala yolimbana kwambiri pakati pa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa ku Malaysia.
Ma Solar Street Lights ku Nigeria
Nigeria ndi dziko ladzuwa, lomwe limapangitsa mphamvu ya dzuwa kukhala yabwino pakusintha mphamvu zake zongowonjezwdwa. Pozindikira mphamvu ya mphamvu ya dzuwa, boma likugwira ntchito yomanga mapulojekiti akuluakulu a dzuwa kuti akwaniritse kufunikira kwa magetsi.
Komabe Nigeria yakhala ikukumana ndi vuto la mphamvu yosakhazikika, pomwe 55 peresenti ya nzika zake alibe mwayi wopeza magetsi olumikizidwa ndi grid. Izi zachititsa kuti mabanja ambiri azidalira magetsi osadalirika, zomwe zimawononga chuma cha dzikolo pafupifupi $29 biliyoni pachaka. Mphamvu ya dzuwa, monga mphamvu yowonjezereka, ikuyembekezeka kukhala chinsinsi chothetsera vutoli.
Pulojekiti yamagetsi a dzuwa yomwe imalimbikitsidwa ndi boma la Nigeria sikungoyembekezereka kupereka magetsi odalirika kwa mamiliyoni a mabanja, komanso idzabweretsa phindu lachuma kudziko. Pochepetsa kudalira mphamvu zopanda mphamvu zowonjezera, Nigeria ikhoza kupulumutsa mabiliyoni a madola ndikulimbikitsa kukula kwachuma. Mwa zina, pulogalamu ya “Energy for All”, yomwe cholinga chake ndi kupereka magetsi adzuwa kwa mabanja 5 miliyoni akumidzi omwe sali olumikizidwa ndi gridi, ikuyembekezeka kuchepetsa umphawi wakumidzi komanso kulimbikitsa kufalikira kwa magetsi ongowonjezera. Kuphatikiza apo, projekiti ya 200-megawatt solar photovoltaic idawonetsa zilakolako za Nigeria zopanga zida zazikulu zadzuwa.
Ma Solar Street Lights ku South Africa
Boma la South Africa la Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme for South Africa (REIPPPP) ndi pulogalamu yapadziko lonse yolimbikitsa mphamvu zowonjezereka. Cholinga chofuna kuchotsa mphamvu zamagetsi wamba komanso kuchepetsa kudalira mafuta, pulogalamuyi yalimbikitsa chitukuko chofulumira cha ntchito zoyendera dzuwa m'dziko lonselo. Pulogalamuyi yakhazikitsa cholinga chachikulu cha ma megawatts 9,600 (MW) a mphamvu ya dzuwa pofika chaka cha 2030, kubweretsa chitukuko chokhazikika chamagetsi ku South Africa.
Kutsika kokhazikika kwamitengo yamagetsi adzuwa kwapangitsa kuti ikhale njira yotsika mtengo yamagetsi padziko lonse lapansi. Ku South Africa, izi ndi zofunika kwambiri, chifukwa dzikolo lili ndi mphamvu zokwanira za kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Ndi avareji ya maola 2,500 a dzuwa pachaka komanso ma radiation adzuwa apakati pa 4.5 mpaka 6.5 kWh/m2 patsiku, South Africa imapereka mikhalidwe yabwino yoperekera mphamvu zazikulu zadzuwa.
Kusintha kwa dzuwa ku South Africa sikungothandiza kuthana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, komanso kupulumutsa ndalama zambiri pazachuma. Pochoka pa kudalira mafuta amtundu, dziko la South Africa silingathe kuchepetsa mpweya wa carbon, komanso kupeŵa kugwiritsira ntchito mopitirira muyeso wa zinthu zopanda malire. Kusankha mphamvu zobiriwira koteroko sikumangopindulitsa chilengedwe, komanso kumapereka maziko olimba a chitukuko chokhazikika ku South Africa.
Ma Solar Street Lights ku UAE
UAE, ngakhale ili m'modzi mwa otsogola padziko lonse lapansi opanga mafuta, ili ndi boma lomwe likuyenda mwachangu ku mphamvu zokhazikika, makamaka mphamvu ya dzuwa. Izi ndichifukwa choti UAE ili ndi imodzi mwazambiri zowunikira dzuwa padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimapangitsa mphamvu yadzuwa kukhala njira yamphamvu yomwe sangakwanitse kunyalanyaza. Boma likukonzekera kuchulukitsa kuwirikiza kanayi mphamvu zake zoyendera dzuwa kuchokera pa 2.1GW mpaka 8.5GW pofika chaka cha 2025, kusuntha komwe sikungokwaniritsa zofunikira zapakhomo, komanso kumathandizira kutulutsa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa padziko lonse lapansi.
Kutsika kwamitengo ya matekinoloje a dzuwa ndi kukwera kwa mitengo ya gasi kwapangitsa kuti solar ikhale njira yopikisana pazachuma pakupangira magetsi. Boma la UAE likuzindikira kuti pakuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa, dzikolo likhoza kupulumutsa pafupifupi $ 1.9 biliyoni pachaka. Phindu lazachumali likuphatikizidwa ndi njira yosamalira chilengedwe ya mphamvu ya dzuwa, zomwe zimapereka chilimbikitso champhamvu cha chitukuko chokhazikika ku UAE.
Kutsiliza
SRESKY yapeza zambiri pazantchito zowunikira mumsewu kudzera mukuchita bwino pamapulojekiti adzuwa m'maiko angapo. Gulu lathu laukadaulo lapanga chidaliro kwa makasitomala athu ndi ukatswiri wabwino kwambiri komanso mayankho anzeru. Ntchito zathu zakula m'mayiko monga Kenya, Australia, Malaysia, Philippines ndi Thailand, zomwe zikubweretsa njira zothetsera kuyatsa kothandiza komanso kosamalira chilengedwe kumadera akumidzi.
Ngati muli ndi chidwi ndi magetsi oyendera dzuwa, tikukulandirani ndi manja awiri Lumikizanani ndi gulu lathu logulitsa. Kaya mukuyang'ana njira zatsopano zowunikira mumsewu kapena mukuyang'ana kuti mukweze makina anu omwe alipo, SRESKY ikupatsani upangiri waukadaulo ndi mayankho omwe mwamakonda.